Device for processing raw fats

ABSTRACT

A DEVICE FOR PROCESSING RAW FATS, WHEREIN THE DRUM ACCOMMODATES MOVEABLE AND STATIONARY KNIVES ADAPTED FOR CRUSHING RAW STOCK, THE STATIONARY KNIVES HAVING EACH TWO WORKING BLADES-A LONGER ONE AND A SHORTER ONE, THE LATTER WORKING BLADE FORMING WITH THE DRUM SURFACE A CLEARANCE ADJUSTABEL WITH THE AID OF A SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT, WHILE THE DRUM IS PROVIDED ON THE EXTERNAL SURFACE WITH VANES.

United States Patent [50] Field 146/182, 192, 76, 79

[72] Inventors Viktor Vadlievich Anuiriev Prospekt Mira, I80, kv. 33;

Konstantin Mikhailovich Vechkanov,

[ 56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Metrostroevskaya, l8, kv.11;Koustantin Feoktistovich Zemlynnnikov,

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drum accommodates moveable and stationary knives adapted for crushingraw stock, the stationary knives having each two working blades-a longerone and a shorter one, the latter working blade forming with the drumsurface a clearance ad- 146/192 justable with the aid of a specialarrangement, while the drum 1302c 18/12 is provided on the externalsurface with vanes.

[54] DEVICE FOR PROCESSING RAW FATS 4 Claims, 7 Drawing Figs.

[51] Int.

ULX

DEVICE FOR PROCESSING RAW FATS The present invention relates to devicesdesigned for processing raw fats to be used in food industry.

There is known in the prior art a device for processing raw fats, whichis essentially an encased rotatable perforated drum accommodatingmoveable and stationary knives. The prior art device is equipped with ahopper for charging raw fats and with branch pipes adapted for thedelivery of steam inside the casing and for the removal of the mass ofobtained fat.

The disadvantage of the known device for processing raw fats lies inthat the centrifugal force developed is not sufficient for pressing rawstock into the drum openings and, therefore, does not provide for thetransfer of the whole mass of fat. Besides, the fixation of the knivesin the housing cover brings about the reduction of the size of acharging hole provided in the cover and impedes the passage of raw stockinto the drum. All this causes a decrease in the device s efficiency.

It is an object of the present invention to develop a simple,inexpensive and reliable device that would make it possible to combinein a single machine the technological operations of crushing raw stock,melting fat therefrom and transferring the mass of obtained fat, as wellas provide for an increase in the device efficiency.

In accordance with said and other objects, the present inventionconsists in that in a device for processing raw fats whose drumaccommodates at least one stationary and one moveable knife adapted forcrushing raw fats, according to the invention, the stationary knives aremade L-shaped and have two working blades, the longer of which isdesigned for cutting large pieces of raw stock and the shorter one formswith the .intemal surface of the drum an adjustable clearance fortrimming on the internal surface of the drum particles of raw stockpressed into the openings thereof in the course of processing, while theinner space of the drum is fashioned as two mating portions, of whichone is cylindrical and the other- -tapering to provide for an additionalfeed of raw stock to the stationary knives, the drum cylindrical surfacealone being made perforated.

It is expedient that the stationary L-shaped knife be secured in such amanner that the longer working blade be arranged at an acute angle tothe internal cylindrical surface of the drum.

For the purpose of adjusting the clearance between the shorter blade andthe drum surface the device of the invention can be provided with anarrangement comprising a pin carrying the stationary L-shaped knifesecured thereon, a bushing rigidly coupled to the casing and adapted topass the pin there inside, and a shaped nut to be screwed simultaneouslyonto said bushing and pin, the pitch of the pin thread being coarserthan that of the bushing thread.

It is expedient that the drum be provided with vanes arranged at anangle to the generatrix of the external cylindrical surface of the drum.

The invention will be more apparent upon examining the followingdetailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof with duereference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a general view of the device for processing raw fats,according to the invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates the design of the stationary knife, according to theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a view of the stationary knife on arrow A in FIG. 2, accordingto the invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates the fixation of the stationary knife on the wall ofthe casing of the device, according to the-invention;

FIG. 5 is a view of the drum in section on the axial line, according tothe invention;

FIG. 6 shows the device of the invention in section on the line VI-VI ofFIG. I; and

FIG. 7ditto, section on the line VII-VII of FIG. 1.

The device for processing raw fats comprises a casing 1 (FIG. 1)accommodating there inside a drum 2 rotatable on a shaft 3 of anelectric motor 4 mounted on a frame 5. The casing 1 is provided with ahopper 6 for charging raw stock into the drum 2. The drum 2 is providedwith moveable knives 7 rotatable together with the drumand adapted tocoarsely crush and uniformly distribute raw fats in the drum. For thepurpose of fine crushing of raw stock the drum 2 houses stationaryknives 8 (FIGS. 2 and 3).

The stationary knives 8 are made L-shaped and have two working blades 9and 10.

The longer working blade 9 is disposed in the front portion of thestationary knife 8 and serves, as mentioned hereinbefore, for cuttinglarge pieces of raw stock.

The cutting edge of the longer working blade 9 of the stationary knife 8is formed by two planes, of which one extends at an acute angle to thegeneratrix ofthe internal cylindrical surface of the drum 2 therebycreating an additional force for pressing particles of raw stock intothe openings of the drum 2.

The longer working blade 9 of the stationary knife 8 is so tapered thatthe taper edge in the upper portion of this knife 8 is directed oppositeto the direction of rotation of the drum 2, thus making for finercrushing of raw stock. v

The other, shorter, working blade 10 of the stationary knife 8 is in therear portion of the knife and forms an adjustable clearance with theinternal surface of the drum 2. This latter blade is designed fortrimming particles of raw stock pressed into the openings of the drum 2.

For the purpose of adjusting said clearance between the shorter workingblade 10 of the stationary knife 8 and the internal surface of the drum2, the device according tothe invention is provided with an arrangementcomprising a pin 11 (FIG. 4) with the stationary knife 8 rigidly securedthereon, a bushing 12 and a shaped nut 13. j

The bushing 12 adapted to pass the pin 11 there inside is rigidlycoupled to the casing l on the external surface of the latter.

The pin 11 is prevented from rotating about its axis by the provision ofa sliding dowel or a flat (the dowel and flat not shown in FIG. 4).

The shaped nut 13 has two internal threads 13a and 13b with differentpitch, to simultaneously screw said nut 13 onto the bushing 12 and thepin 11.

The pitch of the thread 13b serving to screw the nut 13 onto the pin I1is coarser than that of the thread l-3a serving to screw the nut 13 ontothe bushing 12, owing to which one full revolution of the nut 13 (whenit is being simultaneously screwed onto the pin 11 and the bushing 12)brings the pin 11 closer to the internal surface of the drum 2 by avalue equal to the difference in pitch of the threads 13a and 13b.

For locking the stationary knife 8, the pin 11 is provided with a pawl14 adapted to enter one of the slots in the shaped nut 13 after thelatter is screwed on.

The device according to the invention is provided with the above-listedarrangements in an amount corresponding to the number of the stationaryknives 8, of which there can be several. Shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are twostationary knives 8.

The drum 2 (FIG. 5) is made as two mating portions, a cylindricalportion 15 and a tapering portion 16 converging towards the bottom 17.

The cylindrical portion 15 of the drum 2 is made perforated, while thetapering portion 16 is designed for changing the direction of movementof raw stock on the bottom 17 of the drum 2 towards the stationaryknives 8 to create an additional force when raw stock moves under thecutting edge of the longer blade 9 of the knives 8.

The drum 2 is provided on the external surface with vanes I8 (FIG. 4)serving to discharge the mass of obtained fat from the space formedbetween the casing l and the drum 2 and to create pressure head.

The vanes 18 are installed in the direction of rotation of the drum 2 atan angle to the generatrix of the cylindrical portion of the drumsurface.

This angle of setting the vanes 18 on the drum can be from 0 to 50 andis formed between the vanes 18 and a tangent passing at the point offixing a vane 18 to the cylindrical por- The drum 2 can have severalvanes 18 (shown in FIG. 6 are only two vanes 18).

For the delivery of the heat-carrying agent, for example steam, into thespace formed between the casing l and the rotatable drum 2 provision ismade of an inlet branch pipe 19 (FIGS. 6 and 7), while the fullyprocessed (following the crushing and melting operations) mass of fat isremoved from said space via an outlet branch pipe 20.

The casing 1 can be provided with several inlet branch pipes 19 for thedelivery of the heat-carrying agent, secured to the casing at any angleto the generatrix thereof. Shown in F I68. 6 and 7 is the connection ofone inlet branch pipe 19 to the easing 1 in the middle portion thereof.

The outlet branch pipes 20 are connected to the casing 1 tangentially tothe cylindrical surface thereof; there can be several such outlet branchpipes in the device according to the invention. Shown in FIGS 6 and 7 isthe connection of one outlet branch pipe 20 to the casing 1.

For more convenient servicing the device according to the invention canbe arranged at an angle to the vertical axis, as shown in FIG. 1.

The device of the present invention operates in the following manner.

Raw fats from the hopper 6 (FIG. 1) pass into the rotating drum 2 to beprecrushed by the moveable knives 7. Thereupon, raw stock is centrifugedto the internal wall of the drum 2 where it is crushed by the longerblades of the stationary knife 8 into smaller pieces.

Under the action of centrifugal force the coarsely precrushed stock fitstightly against the cylindrical surface 15 of the drum 2 and is pressedinto the openings.

Particles of raw stock pressed into the openings of the drum .2 aretrimmed by the shorter blades of the stationary knife 8. The clearancebetween the blade 10 and the drum 2 can be adjusted with the machinerunning.

Crushed raw stock passes further into the space between the casing l andthe drum 2 wherein the heat-carrying agent (steam) delivered via thebranch pipe 19 (FIGS. 6 and 7) heats the particles of raw stock insuspended state and melts fat therefrom. The mass of obtained fat isdischarged with the aid of the vanes 18 via the branch pipe 20.

When using the device of the invention in production lines for fatmelting, the operations of coarse and fine crushing of raw stock,melting fat therefrom and transferring the mass of obtained fat arecombined in a single machine, at a reduced number of such machines andlower metal consumption of the lines.

Besides, the device according to the invention possesses a number ofadvantages, mainly:

high efficiency;

simple design, convenient control and easy access for sanitary purposes;

small overall dimensions;

high factor of heating steam utilization owing to the direct contact ofsteam with raw stock;

short time of heat action upon raw stock, which improves the quality offat.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with apreferred embodiment thereof, various alterations and modifications canbe made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, asthose skilled in the art will easily understand. 1

Such alterations and modifications are to be considered as fallingwithin the essence and scope of the invention and the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A device for processing raw fats, comprising: a casing; a drumadapted for crushing raw stock, whose inner space is made as two matingportions, of which one is cylindrical and perforated and the othertapering; moveable knives; stationary knives made L-shaped and havingtwo working blades each-a longer one and a shorter one; said longerblade being designed for cutting large pieces of raw stock, while saidshorter blade forms with the internal surface of the drum an adjustableclearance for trimming on the internal surface of the drum particles ofraw stock pressed into the openings thereof in the course of processing.

2. A device as set forth in claim 1, comprising said stationary L-shapedknife secured in such a manner that the longer working blade is arrangedat an acute angle to the internal cylindrical surface of the drum.

3. A device as set forth in claim 1, comprising an arrangement adaptedfor adjusting the clearance between said shorter blade and the surfaceof said drum, including; a pin carrying said stationary knife securedthereon; a bushing rigidly coupled to said casing and adapted to passsaid pin there inside; a shaped nut to be screwed simultaneously ontosaid bushing and said pin, the pitch of the pin thread being coarserthan that of the bushing thread.

4. A device as set forth in claim 1, comprising said drum provided withvanes arranged at an angle to the generatrix of the cylindrical surfaceof said drum.

